Histopathologic Lesions in Bivalve Mollusks Found in Portugal: Etiology and Risk Factors

Bivalve mollusks are an important resource due to their socioeconomic value and the historical genetic of some species. Two nationally oyster species-Portuguese (Crassostrea angulata) Japanese gigas) from distinctive areas in Portugal were studied evaluate sanitary status. Oysters sampled four different sites Portugal. collected populations cultivated a strong ocean-influenced environment Portuguese wild-beds. The histopathological examination both species revealed presence parasites gills, mantle epithelium, digestive gland tubules connective tissue, with moderate prevalence. In was observed hemocytosis edema metaplasia tissues necrosis. wild Sado Mira estuaries prevalence mud blisters gill lesions higher than produced on 0.50 m tables mudflats. Biosecurity measures diagnostic techniques fundamental control pathogenic agents, including identification pathogens at early stage life cycles. This will prevent diseases improve pathogen reduction transport animals countries regions new production avoid transmission diseases.